E-Lecture - Important Points
- Biology is the study of living things.
- Zoology studies about animals.
- Botany studies about plants.
- Microbiology deals with microorganisms.
- Ecology deals with the interactions among living organims and with their environment.
- Genetics is the study of heredity.
- Cytology is the study of cell.
- Linnaeus contributed in the classification of living things.
- Pasteur contributed in the study of microorganisms.
- Koch contributed in isolating and culturing diseases causing organisms.
- Mendel contributed in the study of heredity.
- Living things exhibit reproduction, growth, feeding, respiration, excretion, metabolism and irritability.
- Euglena is a unicellular organism showing both the features of plant and animal cells.
- Microscope is an important tool in biology to study living things that cannot be seen by naked eyes.
- Cell theory states that cells are the structural and functional units of life.
- Prokaryotic cells without membrane bounded nucleus and other organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells membrane bound nucleus and organelles.
- Cells are basically composed of cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.
- Cells allow material exchange in and out of a cell passively or actively.
- Passive transport occurs along a concentration gradient without the expenditure of energy by the cell.
- Diffusion is material transport form lower to higher concentration,
- Osmosis is the diffusion of water from low concentration to high concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.
- Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of certain substances by the help of carrier and channel proteins.
- Active transport is material movement form low concentration to higher concentration by expenditure of energy.
- Endocytosis is the entry of materials in bulk.
- Phagocytosis is the uptake of materials through a cell membrane.
- Pinocytosis is the uptake of liquid materials in bulks through a cell membrane.
- Exocytosis is the exit of materials in bulk from the cell.
Browse Chapter