Mosses are flowerless small plants found under the division Bryophyta along with liverworts and hornworts. They do not possess any vascular system like xylem and phloem also lack true stem root and leaf. Mainly absorb water and nutrients through their leaf like structure. They are mostly found in damp, shady locations as mats or clumps on the forest floor. They usually grow up only to a height of about 10cm, but have an exceptional genus Dawsonia which grows up to 50 cm.

Additionally, mosses are anchored to the substrate, whether it is soil, rock, or roof tiles, by multicellular rhizoids. These structures are precursors of roots. They originate from the base of the gametophyte, but are not the major route for the absorption of water and minerals.

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